Bi, aerospace, lafasalifɛnw, ani izini ka baarakɛcogo, a ka basigi n’a ka lannaya be se ka kɛ yɔrɔ min na, o be se ka yɛlɛma. Komi yɛlɛmani jɔnjɔn min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ ni minanw ye minw ka bon-frequency minɛnw (i n’a fɔ antɛniw, amplifikatɛriw, ani kɔrɔbɔli minɛnw), RF ka juruw be koo caaman jateminɛ ka ɲɛ, i n’a fɔ elekitoromagnetiki ka bɛnni, u donko, ani lamini yɛlɛmani, u labɛncogo, u sugandili ani u bilali la. Nin barokun, k’a daminɛ ni fɛɛrɛko sariyaw ye ani ka koow kɛcogo ɲumanw fara ɲɔgɔn kan, a be dilan cogo lozisiyɛli ni ɛnzeniyɛri jɔnjɔnw ɲɛfɔ cogo bɛnnin na ka ɲɛsin RF ka juru furaw ma.
I. RF ka kaburuw ka jogo ɲumanw ani u ka gwɛlɛyaw
RF ka juruw ka baara jɔnjɔn ye ka tagamasiɲɛw yɛlɛma ka ɲɛ-frequency tagamasiɲɛw lase cogo ɲuman na, minw be kɛ ka caya (a ka ca a la, a be MHz kɛmɛ caaman datugu ka taga GHz tan na) k’a sɔrɔ a be kuran bɔli ni kɛnɛma yɛlɛmani bali. U ka fɛɛrɛw be se ka surunya ka surunya nin tagamasiɲɛ jɔnjɔn nunu na:
1. Ka kɛɲɛ ni jogo ɲumanw ye .
RF sisitɛmuw ka baara be kɛ kosɔbɛ impedansi ka bɛnni na. Fɛɛn minw ka teli ka kɛ, olu ye 50Ω ye (min be kɛ ni kuran yɛlɛmani ani kumaɲɔgɔnya fɛɛrɛw ye) ani 75Ω (min be kɛ ka videwo/TV tagamasiɲɛw kɛ). Ni impedansi ɲɔgɔndan min be kabɔli ni minɛn interface cɛ (i n’a fɔ, yɛlɛmani min ka ca ni ±2Ω ye) o be kɛ, tagamasiɲɛw yiracogo bena kɛ, o be yira i n’a fɔ yɛlɛmani min be kɛ ka yɛlɛma (VSWR), o min be se ka yɛlɛma ka ɲɛ ani ka se ka tiɲɛni kɛ ɲɛfɛla-ɛn kɔnɔ.
2. Ka don yɔrɔ dɔ la, i ka kan ka sɛgɛsɛgɛri kɛ .
Ni yɔrɔ minw ka bon, u be yɛlɛma ka kɛ juru ye, tagamasiɲɛw be to ka to yɔrɔ kelen na ni yɔrɔ min be yɛlɛma yɛlɛma, dielektriki polarizasiyɔn be tunu, ani radiation tununi. Insetion tununi (o yɔrɔ: dB/m walima dB/100ft) ye paramɛtiri jɔnjɔn ye min be se ka kabɔli yɛlɛmani ɲuman suma. Low-loss dilan be kɛ ka fɛnw labɛn ka ɲɛ (i n’a fɔ ɔksijɛni{5}} zira walima warigwɛ pilati), dielektriki minanw (i n’a fɔ politetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) walima fiɲɛ- 2.
3. Ka baara kɛ ka ɲɛ ani ka mɔgɔw ladon ɲɔgɔn fɛ .
Tuma caaman na, RF ka juruw be baara kɛ yɔrɔ barikamanw na (i n’a fɔ radar garasiw ni basigiyɔrɔw gɛrɛfɛ). Kɛnɛma elekitoromagnetiki mankan (i n’a fɔ kumaɲɔgɔnya tagamasiɲɛw ani ɛlɛkitorostatiki bɔli) be se ka fara ɲɔgɔn kan ka don, ani kɔnɔna tagamasiɲɛw be se ka yeelen bɔ ani ka don a la min be gɛrɛfɛ. A ka fisa ni 80dB ye wala a be bɛn n’a ye) be basigi multi-ylayer ka nɛgɛkunbɛnnan dɔ kan (i n’a fɔ zira + aliminiyɔmu nɛgɛman) wala semi{5}}}}}}.
4. Masini ni laminikogo yɛlɛmani .
O la, a be se ka kɛ ko juru be se ka sɔrɔ cogoya dɔw la i n’a fɔ nɛgɛ (i n’a fɔ, robow ka ɲɔgɔndanw), vibrasiyɔn (i n’a fɔ, awiyɔn ka motɛriw), funteni juguw ({11}}55 degere ka se degere +200 degere ma ), ani kemikali (i n’a fɔ baji kɔgɔ). O la, kɛnɛma fani (i n’a fɔ, a ka bon-tempabilite min be se ka yɛlɛma, poliyuretan min be se ka don a la) ani a labɛncogo (i n’a fɔ, kɛlɛkɛminanw labɛncogo) ka kan ka yɛlɛma ka kɛɲɛ ni koo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw ye.
II. Fɛɛrɛ minw be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka Scenarios sifa dɔw labɛn .
1. Kumaɲɔgɔnya basigiyɔrɔw ani yɔrɔ minw tɛ ni ɲumanya ye .
Base garasi antɛni feed systèmes be tunu ka dɔgɔya ani ka la a la kosɔbɛ RF ka juruw la. 5G sanfɛ-frequency bandiw kama (i n’a fɔ milimɛtiri yɛlɛma 28 GHz la), laada tilancɛ{4}}flexable juruw (ni 0,5 dB/ft be se ka kɛ 28 GHz la) o tɛ se ka kɛ tuguni-distansi yɛlɛmani kama. Ultra{{9}dɔw-yloss semi-- min be se ka yɛlɛma (i n’a fɔ fiɲɛ dielektriki ni dɛmɛ ye, min be se ka bɔnɛ dɔgɔya ka se 0,15 dB/ft ma 28 GHz la) walima hybride hybride furaw ka kan ka kɛ. Ka fara o kan, kabɔli nɔrɔnanw (i n’a fɔ N-type ani SMA) ka kan ka baara kɛ ni sanu- ye walisa ka se ka fɛnw nɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn na, ani ka yɔrɔw yɛlɛma (i n’a fɔ minw be ni IP68 sɛgɛsɛgɛli ye) ka kan ka kɛ ka oksidi dɛsɛ bali min be sɔrɔ sanji jii donni fɛ.
2. Sanfɛla ni lafasali kuran .
Aviyɔnw ni satelitiw kɔnɔ, RF ka juru ka kan ka bɛn ni nɔgɔya ye (10%-20% ka girinya dɔgɔyali be se ka doni don ka ɲɛ kosɛbɛ), ka yɔrɔw kunbɛn minw ka jugu (i n’a fɔ ka yɛlɛmani don funteni hakɛ la min ka dɔgɔ ni {{7}60 degere ye ), ani ka ɛlɛkitoromatiki (EMP) don ɲɔgɔn na. Micro{{8}coaxial ka juruw (kɛnɛma diamɛtiri min ka dɔgɔ ni 1,5mm ye wala min be bɛn n’o ye, o be se ka kɛ ka kabli ye yɔrɔ dantigɛninw na) be kɛ ka caya. Poliyeteretiri (PEEK) dielektriki be kɛ ka dielektriki yɛlɛmani ni funteni basigili balansi, ani nɛgɛkunbɛnnan ye warigwɛ -} ye zira mesh + aliminiyɔmu nɛgɛmafɛn (Poliyen 14}. Ka fara o kan, minanw bɛɛ ka kan ka sɛbɛ ka se MIL-STD-202 ma (vibration/samp ka funteni sɛgɛsɛgɛli) ani MIL-STD-810 (sɛgɛsɛgɛli sɛgɛsɛgɛli).
3. Laboratuwari ni tilenninya kɔrɔbɔli .
High-frequency sɛgɛsɛgɛli (i n’a fɔ vekitɛri réseau (VNA) kalibrasiyɔn) be juruw ɲini minw ka fazi basigili ka dɔgɔ kojugu (a ka ca a la .<0.05°/m @ 18GHz). Semi-flexible cables are preferred for their flexibility and low phase variation. They utilize a solid polyethylene (PE) dielectric (for stable dielectric constant) and a tightly braided shield (to minimize structural deformation during bending). Furthermore, specialized test-grade connectors (such as the 2.92mm series, which can withstand repeated insertion and removal without affecting VSWR) must be used in the test system, and regular calibration must be performed to compensate for loss drift introduced by cable aging.
III. Jateminɛ jɔnjɔnw poroze ka waleyali wagati la .
1. Sugandili ani ɲɔgɔndan sariyaw .
Kable sugu sugandili ka kan ka kɛ ka kɛɲɛ ni tagamasiɲɛw ye (i n’a fɔ, DC{{6}11 GHz, 1{{7}18 GHz, walima min ka bon n’o ye), yɛlɛmani fanga (i n’a fɔ, miliwati{9}}seli tagamasiɲɛw walima kilowati -seli fanga), ani yɔrɔ min be yɛlɛma (o yɔrɔ la, a be se ka yɛlɛma wala a be se ka yɛlɛma kɛnɛma). Semi- min be se ka yɛlɛma, o ka ɲi ka kɛ yɔrɔ min na, o ye - fanga yɛlɛmani ye siraw kan, juru tilancɛ-yɛlɛmani be se ka kɛ ka minanw nɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn na ni sɔgɔli hakɛ ye, ani juru minw be se ka yɛlɛma, olu lo ka di mɔgɔw ye ka to ka tagama (misali la, robot labanw).
2. Labɛnni fɛɛrɛw .
O yɔrɔ la, a ka kan ka dɔgɔya ni juru ka sɔngɔ fitinin ye (a ka ca a la, 5-10 siɲɛ fɔlɔ la). N’i m’o kɛ, o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka yɔrɔ dɔ fara a kan wala ka yɔrɔ min tiɲɛ, o yɔrɔ la. Connecteur souding/crimping ka kan ka kɛ baarakɛlaw fɛ (i n’a fɔ, ka baara kɛ ni torque ye walisa ka fanga min be gɛlɛya la, o kɔlɔsi) walisa a kana nɔrɔ ɲɔgɔn na wala ka yɛlɛma kojugu min be se ka yɛlɛmalanw tiɲɛ. Ka ɲɛsin yɔrɔ janw ma, a ka ɲi ka tagamasiɲɛ dɔ fara a kan wala ka kɛ kelen ye tuma o tuma (misali la, 10-15 mɛtɛrɛ) walisa ka bɔnɛw sara.
3. Labɛnni ni kɔlɔsili .
Aw ka to ka juru ka VSWR sɛgɛsɛgɛ (a ka kan ka sɔngɔ min sɔrɔ, o ka dɔgɔ ni 1,2:1 ye), ka don (la a sɔngɔ fɔlɔ la, a ka dɔgɔ ni 10 ye wala a be bɛn n’a ye, ani a be to ka yɛlɛma (a ka kan ka kɛ 5 mΩ/m ye). Ka ɲɛsin fɛɛrɛw ma, ka ɛntɛrinɛti kan kɔlɔsili modɛliw bila (i n’a fɔ, ka baara kɛ ni yeelenbɔlan ye walisa ka kabɔli kɛnɛyako sɛgɛsɛgɛ wagati yɛrɛ yɛrɛ la) walisa ka fɛɛn kɔrɔw wala fɛɛn tiɲɛninw yɛlɛma joona joona walisa ka sisitɛmu dɛsɛw bali.
Kuma laban
RF ka kabɔli fɛɛrɛw dilanni b’a ɲini an fɛ an ka se ka baara kɛ ni kuranma, minanw lɔnniya, ani ɛnzeniyɛri baara ye, ka impedansi ɲɔgɔndan, ka tununi kɔlɔsi, ani ka anti{0}} interencerence fɛɛrɛw labɛn ka ɲɛsin koow ma minw be kɛ cogo wɛrɛw la. Ni 5G/6G kumaɲɔgɔnya, sateliti ɛntɛrinɛti, ani kantum kunnafoni fɛɛrɛ, RF ka juru bena yɛlɛma ka taga ultra-wadi fan fɛ (0,1{6}}100 GHz), ultra- tununi (tulon < 0,01 dB/m @ 30 GHz), ani hakili (10}}idistiki. sekow), ka farikolo yɔrɔ dɛmɛ min be se ka la a la, o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka tagamasiɲɛw lase mɔgɔw ma teliya la.